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Monday, October 06, 2025
On the 'Prose & People Podcast' hosted by Sandhya Iyer
Friday, October 03, 2025
India’s vultures: beauty, survival, and a one-man campaign to save them
Long-billed vultures feeding
By Shevlin Sebastian
On January 18, 2021, wildlife photographer Nitish Agrawal and his parents travelled from Raipur to Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, to pay a surprise visit to his aunt on her wedding anniversary. After the celebrations, the family drove to the nearby Purwa Waterfalls.
As Nitish stood barefoot on a wet, sloping rock, mesmerised by the pulsating roar and the frothy fall of the water, against a translucent blue sky, he saw a giant shadow beside him. When he looked up, he saw a long-billed vulture.
“I was mesmerised,” he said. “In my 12 years of birding, I had never seen a vulture.” The eyes were brown, and the bird’s wingspan was ten feet. “When it flew, it cast a shadow almost that wide,” said Nitish with a smile.
Tears fell from his eyes. Nitish had never cried while seeing a bird before, but the vulture’s size and beauty overwhelmed him. Soon, he saw the red-headed and the Egyptian vulture. Eventually, he sighted several vultures.
From a higher elevation, he could even look down on their nests, which were made of leaves and thick sticks. “In India you cannot see vulture nests because they are too high up in rock shelters and trees,” said Nitish. “But in Purwa, the nests were below us.”
He saw one big white egg, which was about three times the size of a hen’s egg. “It was a rare experience,” he said. “I saw a vulture for the first time and could see an egg as well.”
Thereafter, Nitish began vulture-watching extensively. For him, the most enthralling sight was to see the birds soar above 500 ft. “On an hour-long flight, they flap their wings only a few times to conserve energy,” said Nitish. “They fly in concentric circles. From those heights, they cannot differentiate carcasses from live cattle, but they can spot groups of vultures. That signals food, and they join. Any vulture is welcome. Vultures dominate while feeding on a carcass as they want the best pieces, but they are not territorial at scavenging sites.”
Nitish noticed vultures tend to fight when others come near their nests. “They push each other with their legs, use their beaks to attack wings or the body, trying to unbalance rivals. The intruder has to surrender, or the fight becomes fierce.”
Asked whether they make sounds during fights, Nitish said no. “Usually, they make a shrill, high-pitched call. It reminded me of the dinosaur shrieks in the film ‘Jurassic Park’.”
Like the dinosaurs, vultures face extinction. Estimates from 2021 suggest only 35,000 to 45,000 vultures remain in India. Before 1992, there were over four crore in India alone.
One of the main reasons for the decline in population is the use of diclofenac, a veterinary drug, and other drugs like aceclofenac, ketoprofen, and nimesulide by farmers. They used these drugs to treat cattle for pain or fever. If the cattle died within 48 hours, residues of the drug remained in their muscles.
When vultures fed on the carcasses, they ingested traces of these drugs. Within 48 hours, the vultures died because the urea crystallised in their kidneys. Fortunately, the government banned the drugs in 2006.
A vicious cycle set in. As vulture populations crashed, villagers stopped throwing carcasses in the open. “They began burying them because the smell was unbearable without vultures to clean it up,” said Nitish. “That reduced food availability further.”
Yet, against these odds, Madhya Pradesh still holds the largest population of vultures, with Rewa being one of the strongholds.
There’s a reason for this.
In tribal areas, because of illiteracy, they did not use any drugs to treat sick cattle. Instead, they relied on Ayurvedic medicine. So, the carcasses were safe to eat.
Asked about the character of a vulture, Nitish said, “If you see them from the side, they have an angry, menacing look. This is because their eyelids are created in such a way that they cast a shadow over their eyes. And that shadow creates a mean look. If you see them from the front, they look cute as babies.”
Nitish said that vultures are quite bold. “They are not afraid of human beings or dogs. Even after dogs chase them, they try to sit next to them.”
But they have different attitudes towards human beings. If a villager in traditional attire is around, the vulture is comfortable. But when someone wearing jeans or a T-shirt is nearby, they become alert. They show this by stopping their feeding and walking away from the person.
The vultures are family-oriented. For the first three months both parents feed the chick. The vultures have an extended pouch in their neck where they store food, holding about 200–300 grams of meat. They fly back to the nest and regurgitate the food to their chicks. By this time, it is also partially digested.
Then, in the next three months, the parents teach them where to find carcasses, and to locate water. In the third month, the chicks can take short flights. But by the fourth month, they can fly and soar like their parents.
Documenting these life stages became a passion for Nitish, and he has since taken thousands of photographs. Two of his photographs came seventh and tenth in the World of Vultures Photography Contest. Beyond Madhya Pradesh, vultures can be spotted in Maharashtra, the Himalayas, the North-East, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh.
In addition to his photography, Nitish is doing his bit for vulture conservation. Sonika Kushwaha, the president of the Indian Biodiversity Conservation Society, asked Nitish to host a session on September 6, International Vulture Awareness Day 2025, with the Forest Department at Chitrakoot.
Nitish spoke to students about conservation challenges, the significance of vultures, their role in the ecosystem, and ways to raise awareness and ensure their protection. On September 11, he also conducted Vulture Awareness campaigns across four villages — Purwa, Baridih, Chachai, and Keoti.
In a way, Nitish, of his own accord and love for the birds, is waging a one-man campaign to protect vultures and ensure they have a beautiful future. Along with his fiancée Sriti Pandey, he has started an outfit called ‘The Last Vulture’.
“The Last Vulture is a journey of celebrating the vultures, through awareness, conservation, sensitisation, and ecotourism,” said Nitish.
(Published in rediff.com)Tuesday, September 30, 2025
A Free Bird called Simon Barnes
COLUMN: Tunnel of Time
By Shevlin Sebastian
Simon Barnes of The Times, London dropped into the Sportsworld office in Calcutta the other day. A thin, intense man, he had flowing shoulder-length blond hair interspersed with a few strands of white hair. He wore a straw hat and big leather boots; it gave him the quintessential image of the foreign traveller. An English version of Indiana Jones.
Simon Barnes is a columnist who dabbles very successfully in anything that comes his way. His style is simple and smooth, like the surface of a laid-back river. He is an itinerant wanderer.
He has travelled over the world, covering major events like the Olympic Games in Seoul, the Wimbledon championships in Britain, the Super Bowl in America and the Nehru Cup in India. He has interviewed people ranging from racing hero Ayrton Senna to sprinter Ben Johnson and boxing god Mike Tyson.
‘A champion in any sport,’ he says, ‘is always an interesting person.’ But perhaps the most endearing quality of Simon Barnes is his affinity and affection for all things Indian. He says that India is a magnificent, strange and quixotic land. He plans to come back again and again.
‘It was a tremendous experience when I experienced Asia for the first time,’ he says. ‘It changed my life.’
His fascination with the continent resulted in him staying four years in Asia based in Hong Kong. He did freelance work and for payment, he asked for air tickets to new places. The result was that he has explored Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore, Sri Lanka, India — you name it, he’s been there.
‘It’s a fascinating experience,’ he said, ‘walking through the forests of Malaysia, lying on the beach in Sri Lanka and getting lost in the by-lanes of India.’
At lunch, while sipping a beer, he said, ‘I love to travel. I hate to be bound up in one place. I want to explore the world. And that is why I am a freelancer for The Times. It helps me to move around.’
The talk then turned to the irritated anger of British journalists while on tour in India. It was the turn of colleague Mudar Patherya to vent forth his much-justified anger against the British scribes.
But Simon was sympathetic and quite perceptive. ‘Remember one thing,’ he said. ‘In India, things take a long time to work. It takes almost a day to get a call to London. Remember that English journalists are living in two time frames. One half of his mind is in India while the other half is in London. He is under pressure from his bosses in London to meet deadlines.’
Agreed, but Mudar didn’t let up. He said, ‘Yes, but here in India, the foreign press expect to get top-class treatment but when we go to their country, they treat us so poorly.’
The onslaught was furious and relentless and Barnes did not know what to say. It was also getting a little embarrassing, and with clever British tact, he changed the subject.
‘Let me tell you a story,’ he began. ‘This has got to do with Graham Morris, the photographer. There was a cricket match among the scribes and Graham Morris realised, as he was padding up to bat, that his partner was a certain Mr. Gavaskar. As he walked out to open the batting with the Little Master, Gavaskar turned to him and said, “See Graham, India is a vast country with different cultures and different languages. So when we go out to bat, we decide beforehand in which language to speak when we call for a run.” Gavaskar then paused and said, “I presume you would like to use the English language.”’
Graham Morris was silent for a moment, then he looked up and said, ‘Accha.’
The conversation rolled on, to apartheid in Africa, the present political situation in India, the supple style of R.K. Narayan, but soon it was time for him to leave.
And the most enduring impression that one got of Simon Barnes was his love of freedom. Freedom to be himself, freedom to move around and see new worlds.
There is a familiar saying that goes like this: ‘Man is born free but is everywhere in chains.’ In Simon Barnes’ case, it was clear that the first thing he did after he was born was to take a hacksaw and break the chains around him.
He’s been a free bird ever since.
(Published in Sportsworld, November 15, 1989)
Update on Simon (according to Wikipedia): Simon, 74, was chief sports writer The Times, and wrote a wildlife opinion column in the Saturday edition of the same newspaper. He has written three novels.
In June 2014 Barnes was sacked by The Times after 32 years' employment, the newspaper having informed him it could no longer afford to pay his salary.
Speculation in some sections of the UK media was that the real reason may have been Barnes's outspoken views expressed in his wildlife opinion column.
The column blamed illegal activity by red grouse shooting interests for the continued persecution and near extinction of the hen harrier in England.
Writing on his blog, which he began after leaving The Times in 2014, Barnes wrote: ‘Certainly I have annoyed some powerful people.’
Wednesday, September 24, 2025
The King of the Planet
COLUMN: Tunnel of Time
The life story of Diego Maradona, one of the greatest footballers in world history
By Shevlin Sebastian
THE PLAYER
June 23, 1986, Azteca Stadium, Mexico
Diego Maradona collects the ball from near the centre line on the right flank. He starts to move slowly, then accelerates with all the finesse and sudden speed of a startled deer. He is immediately challenged by two English defenders. He sidesteps one and swerves around the other. At all times, his eyes are on the ball. He runs harder. Again, two English players converge on him with undisguised menace.
Incredibly, he squeezes past them both between the right side of the field and the touchline. Now in full stretch, the ball mesmerisingly glued to his feet. Peter Shilton, the goalkeeper, hesitates. He is afraid to commit himself early, but Maradona is coming in and he has no option but to move forward.
He closes the angle and Maradona feints. He pretends as if he is going to take a shot towards the far corner. It is a dummy. Shilton falls for it, and Maradona contemptuously flicks the ball through the near right post.
GOAL!
The stadium erupts; Maradona erupts. He clenches a fist and runs towards the Argentinian section of the stadium and yells in jubilation. The other Argentine players converge on him. There is a rapturous joy. This was surely one of the greatest goals in the history of the World Cup. In the history of football. A 55-yard spectacular.
The Mexicans have been so taken up by the goal that later, they would build a plaque in the Azteca Stadium commemorating it.
June 29, 1986. Azteca Stadium.
Argentina is in trouble. Two spectacular and opportunistic goals by Karl-Heinz Rummenigge and a header by Rudi Völler have helped Germany draw level with Argentina in the final of the World Cup.
The South American confidence is beginning to erode. There are ten minutes left. It is a moment that demands magic. And so, once again, soccer’s sorcerer responds. He picks the ball up from deep inside his half, eludes three defenders who have been shadowing him, and clips a through pass to Jorge Burruchaga that splits the German defence.
Burruchaga is free and running like the wind. He is not challenged. A desperate German goalkeeper Harald Schumacher advances down the box, to unsettle the Argentinian. But at the most important moment of his life, Burruchaga keeps his cool and sends a low shot that eludes the diving and desperate form of Schumacher. Score: 3-2.
Argentina had won the World Cup and the man responsible for the pass was already on his knees, his arms outstretched, his eyes heavenward, tears rolling down his face and a smile that made it seem he had no lips. Diego Maradona’s dream of winning the World Cup has come true.
This was the first time, since Pele, that a player had stamped his authority on the World Cup so strongly with his individual flair.
Right from the first match against South Korea, where he performed brilliantly, despite some terrible fouling, he produced soccer of the highest class.
The feints, the slow start to his runs, the sudden acceleration, the swift changes in direction, the outrageous dribbles, the perfect headers and those desperately swirling free kicks that puzzled both defenders and goalkeepers alike.
There was no footballer like Diego Armando Maradona. And on June 29, 1986, Diego Maradona was ‘El Rey’, the king of the planet.
EARLY LIFE AND CAREER
Diego Maradona was born in Buenos Aires on October 30, 1960. At birth, the midwife informed his mother: “Don’t worry. He is all right. He will live.”
He was one of eight children of a poor man who worked in a factory and lived in a slum. Maradona was a Cabecita Negra, a ‘black head’, which is a contemptuous term in Argentina for Argentines of Indian blood.
From an early age, he displayed an affinity for football. The talent was God-given. By the time he reached his teens, people had begun to notice him. At that time, he was known as ‘El Cebollita’, the little onion, because of his short, muscular stature.
At 16, he made his professional debut with the Argentinos Juniors. It was not his first choice of career. He had wanted to be an accountant, but was finally convinced his talents lay in football.
And it was true. Success came easily to him.
In 1976, César Luis Menotti, the Argentinian coach, brought Maradona into the national squad. Maradona made his international debut in a friendly match against Hungary. But in 1978, Menotti excluded Maradona from the Argentinian team for the World Cup. It was a slight that Maradona never forgot or forgave.
Later, Menotti defended himself by saying that Maradona was too young to play in such a big tournament. But Maradona was so piqued he did not speak to Menotti for six months. Then they patched up their differences. Maradona led Argentina to victory in the World Youth Championships in 1979.
The next year he led Boca Juniors to the Argentinian First Division title, and was subsequently voted South American Player of the Year in 1980 and '81.
Great things were expected from Maradona in the 1982 World Cup in Spain. By now, he was a household name in Latin America. His genius was evident although it was still rough and undisciplined. But the Spain World Cup was to be Maradona's most conspicuous failure. He was too arrogant, too gifted, to understand the necessity of teamwork. He was unable to assimilate that he could not win the cup on his own.
But to be fair, he was subjected to a sustained physical assault on his person, the likes of which had never been seen before. A continuous, desperate need to cripple his genius.
Time and time again, he was brought down, and this was most pronounced in the match against Italy. Claudio Gentile was policing him. Maradona realised as he was chopped down again and again the referee would not come to his rescue.
Gentile justified his tough tactics by saying, “This is not a dance academy.”
True, but neither was it a dojo for karatekas.
Expectedly, Maradona's patience was tested. It finally snapped during the match against Brazil where he committed a grievous foul on Batista. He was shown the red card and ejected from the field. It was the end of the Spanish nightmare.
After Spain, he signed on to play in Barcelona, but he suffered from boredom and injuries. He lasted there for barely a year before, in 1984, Napoli paid $8.3 million and lured him away. He has been there ever since and has helped Napoli win the league title in 1989 and 1990.
He still looks good for a couple of years more.
THE MAN
Diego Maradona is a short man, 5’5” in height. He is so short and so muscular, yet this ensures a low centre of gravity, which is so vital to his balance, his feints, his success. Furthermore, he has superb athletic gifts which he blends with an intuitive brain. He is emotional and gregarious. These character traits are similar to Naples and its people. That’s why there is so much affection for Maradona in Naples.
He is also a family man. His parents and brothers and sisters spend several months of the year in Naples. “I can’t spend more than two weeks without my family,” he said. “One of my brothers has to always be with me.”
For his parents, he bought a comfortable home in suburban Buenos Aires. He said that after a lifetime of struggle, his parents deserved a rest. He has employed a vast number of his friends from his earlier days in a company called Maradona Productions.
And yet, despite this generous side to his character, there are certain inconsistencies in him. He is apt to lose his temper easily. Throughout his career, he had scuffles with photographers and journalists.
Once, when he was about to be interviewed by an Italian journalist for a television programme, he yelled at the scribe because he had written negatively about his performance. The journalist had no option but to leave.
In Barcelona in 1983, he used to have dinner parties where he would serve guests, holding the plates in both hands while he bounced a football on his thighs. Then, late in the night, carloads of people used to descend on a restaurant or a cinema and occupy it for the night.
It was said at that time his long-time agent, Jorge Cyterszpiler, was responsible for this wild life, and it may have been true because later Maradona sacked the agent in 1985.
His impulsive nature has also led him into a host of controversies. He was accused by a 22-year-old Naples woman, Cristiana Sinagra, of being the father of her illegitimate child. She said it was the result of a five-month relationship. Maradona denied the rumours, but the woman named her son Diego Armando.
He has had regular tiffs with Napoli club president Corrado Ferlaino, and he was about to be fined $600,000 for breach of contract. A year earlier, he refused to return to the club before the start of the league, was overweight, and when he did join, his performance was below par.
He accused FIFA of fixing the World Cup draw so that it would suit certain teams. And then, of course, there was his famous ‘Hand of God’ goal against England in the Mexico World Cup.
There have been so many other controversies, but Maradona can get away with it because he is rich and famous, a man whose face is recognisable across the globe, and the money is just rolling in.
He earns an estimated $2 million a year from Napoli with bonuses, including the sale of souvenirs and free tickets to and from Buenos Aires. He earns hundreds of thousands of dollars through exhibition matches.
Here are two examples:
For the 100th anniversary of the English Soccer League, there was a match between the English League team and the rest of the World XI at Wembley. After much haggling, Maradona agreed to play after he was paid a mind-boggling sum of £90,000. It meant he was earning a neat £1,000 a minute.
For an exhibition match that he played in Saudi Arabia, he was given a scimitar, studded with diamonds, costly jewellery lavished on his wife and a $30,000 appearance fee. And there are several such exhibition ties that he plays throughout the year.
THE LOVE MARRIAGE
When Maradona began playing for Argentinos Juniors years ago, he began to make a little money. It was then that he decided to move to a different area of the city. In this neighbourhood lived Claudia Villafane, the daughter of a taxi driver. She was a fan of his and had been watching him for a long time. He knew that and so, once at a local dance, he approached her.
It was the start of a 14-year romance.
By all accounts, Maradona had a successful relationship. And although he had not married her, she gave birth to two girls, Dalma Nerea and Janina Dinorah.
One day, the elder girl, Dalma, asked her mother whether she could see the wedding photographs. It was then that Maradona realised that it was time to legalise the union.
The wedding took place on November 7, 1989.
Buenos Aires newspapers billed it as the ‘Marriage of the Decade’. There were 1,100 guests. Maradona had flown in on a private jet more than 200 team members and friends from Naples and lodged them in three of the best hotels in the city.
There was a civil registry marriage followed by a Roman Catholic marriage.
Maradona was dressed in a black morning suit with a grey waistcoat and matching bow tie, with a diamond earring. His wife was wearing a white gown with a diamond train of 30 metres. Their children were the bridesmaids.
The wedding party was held in a boxing stadium and it started at 8 pm and finished at 5 am. The caviar and the drinks flowed. The wedding cake was 15 feet high and weighed 150 kilos. The couple had to climb a ladder in order to cut it.
It was a grand function. Maradona spent close to a million dollars so that he could provide his children with those elusive wedding photographs.
THE PRICE OF GENIUS
Because of his exceptional abilities, Maradona has borne the brunt of the defenders' attacks on him. Time and time again, during the course of a match, he hits the ground, sometimes with great force, sometimes with great skill in order to minimise the damage. And yet, he has shown remarkable courage and persistence.
Despite the vicious attacks on him, the chopping of his legs by defenders, the grabbing of the shirt, the punches in the face, the holding him back by putting an arm around him, he has managed to perform and score brilliantly. But the price has been high.
Here are a few examples.
In a Spanish league match against Bilbao Athletic, in 1983, the centre-back Andoni Goikoetxea, known as the ‘Butcher of Bilbao’, kicked Maradona so hard that his left leg was dislocated. He was out of action for two-and-a-half months.
In May 1985, in a World Cup qualifier in San Cristobal, Venezuela, someone in a crowd of fans kicked him on his fragile knee. The same accident took place in Colombia a few days later. When Argentina played Venezuela in a return match in Buenos Aires in June, he was again kicked on the knee.
Today, according to an orthopaedic surgeon, Maradona's leg looks like that of a man 10 years older than him. In actual fact, Maradona is 29 years old. And for 15 years, he has put immense stress on his body because of his football. He has a tendency to put on weight.
His teammates in the early days used to call him fatso, and therefore he uses drastic measures to reduce his weight.
In March this year, he was six kilos overweight. So, he enrolled himself in a clinic where he followed doctors' orders to reduce weight drastically. All these demands on the body had its effect. “Chronic Lumbago,” says the noted sportswriter Rob Hughes, “is a side effect of such wilful disregard of nature.”
There is a slight decline in skills. He takes a little longer to recover from an injury. And the fact is that he is not getting any younger. And so, although he would expectedly shine at the World Cup in Italy, it may not have the brilliance of Mexico. Nevertheless, it does not matter. His skills have thrilled billions. For one summer, in 1986, he experienced what very few people have experienced in their life.
He was El Rey, the king of the planet.
(Published in Sportsworld, May 23, 1990)













