Thursday, February 06, 2025

The India of Today and Yesterday


 

Author Pradeep Damodaran travelled to many cities and towns associated with the freedom movement. He wanted to get a feel of whether the history still resonates. He also focused on the daily life of the people. 

By Shevlin Sebastian  

In February 2022, author Pradeep Damodaran visited the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad. Expectedly, there were plenty of visitors, ranging from the young to the old. Pradeep checked out Hriday Kunj, the home of Mahatma Gandhi and Kasturba, between 1918 and 1930. He also walked through the museums and photo galleries. 

When Pradeep perused the visitor’s book, he got a surprise. 

One visitor wrote that Gandhi would rot in hell for what he did to all Indians. ‘Even after 75 years of Independence, still we are crying, dying because of you, Mr. Gandhi. I realised why BABASAHEB B.R. AMBEDKAR did not call you Mahatma. Because of you, more than one crore people died during partition. Only soldiers dead in Kashmir as of today’s count is 90,000!’ Pradeep added in brackets: ‘No idea how he arrived at this figure.’  

When he pointed this out to Atul Pandya, director of the Sabarmati Ashram Preservation and Memorial Trust, he said that this freedom to criticise Gandhi was exactly what the man had fought for. ‘Let them try to openly criticise today’s leaders and see if they can get away with that,’ said Atul 

Pradeep went to Juhapura, the Muslim ghetto in Ahmedabad and the Gulbarg Society in Chamanpura.

This is how he described what he saw at the Gulbarg Society where 69 people, including women and children, were hacked to death by rioters in 2002: ‘An eerie silence engulfed us. The entire gated community was desolate and lifeless… At the entrance, to my right, were sprawling two-storey homes with spacious balconies, porticos with round pillars and tiled flooring completely blanketed by dust, soot and scars of burnt human flesh and blood. Doors and windows had been ripped off, probably stolen by anti-socials. Fans and furniture in areas not destroyed by the fire were also missing. Spacious living rooms and bedrooms were bereft of furniture; burnt clothes and glass pieces lay scattered upon piles of other debris, mostly burnt wood.’      

He met Rafiq Qasim Mansoori, who was wearing sunglasses. Asked whether he had been present during the massacre, Rafiq took off his sunglasses. His right eye looked completely smashed. ‘A stone hit me in the eye,’ he said, by way of explanation about what happened to him during the attack. ‘I lost nineteen family members that day and that included my wife and infant son.’ 

In Godhra, Pradeep dwells on the long history of communalism in the town, which was a revelation. Muslims in Godhra belonged to the Ghanchis branch. They were mostly poor and uneducated. 

During Partition, many Sindhis, belonging to the Bhaiband sect, migrated from Karachi and settled near Godhra. They had experienced horrendous suffering at the hands of the Muslims in 1947. That memory remained strong. The Hindu communalists took advantage of this resentment. 

The first large-scale communal riot took place in 1948 between the Sindhis and the Ghanchis. The Sindhis burned down over 3500 properties belonging to the Ghanchis. They had to flee. The Sindhis took over the lands. ‘Even at that time, arson was the top choice for rioters in this region,’ wrote Pradeep. The riots between the two communities have continued intermittently over the decades. 

At one time, Pradeep went to interview Maulana Iqbal Hussain Bokda, the principal of the Polan Bazar Urdu School. When the Maulana spoke about the social isolation and economic backwardness of Muslims, Pradeep asked whether the Maulana had regretted not emigrating to Pakistan. 

A disturbed Bokda led Pradeep down a corridor and pointed, through a window, at the tricolour flying high outside. ‘You see that tiranga? Since 2005, the flag has been hoisted every day at 7 a.m. and is brought down at 5 p.m.,’ said Bokda. ‘You tell me if you can find this anywhere in India. The tiranga is hoisted every single day! If one person cannot do it, someone else does. You know why? It is because we are Indians and we believe in this country.’ 

All these stories are recounted in the book, ‘In Pursuit of Freedom — Travels Across Patriotic Lands’. Pradeep would go to a particular place, which had some link with the freedom movement. There, he would describe his encounters with the local people. Then he would delve into the history of the place, as connected to the freedom movement. 

So, in Bardoli, he talked about the Bardoli Satyagraha against the British by farmers against high land taxes in 1928. Its success resonated across India. The concept of nonviolent resistance became an idea that nobody could resist. And it led to the independence of India, although it took another two decades.  

In the first section, Pradeep goes to different places in Gujarat. In Part 2, he goes to Uttar Pradesh. His first stop is Jhansi. Pradeep wanted to find out whether the residents still remembered Rani Lakshmibhai. 

And yes, she is very much alive through hoardings, government flex boards and names of colleges and other institutions. He visited the Jhansi Fort and marvelled at its construction. 

While in Jhansi, Pradeep had an unusual experience. People would often ask him which religion he belonged to. They would feel unnerved when Pradeep said he was an atheist.

He noted that those who asked this question had ‘never moved out of their native towns and villages for generations. They had been fed stories about the grandeur and courage associated with their religion. Merely seventy-five years of imposed secularism are, perhaps, hardly sufficient to erase over 1000 years of religious devotion, as I could see first-hand,’ writes Pradeep.   

In Pala Pahadi village, Pradeep heard a familiar nationwide lament echoed by a villager: ‘What is there to say? Can’t you see for yourself? Everything is rotting here; nothing has changed in the past seventy-five years. We have no roads, no drinking water, nor any form of sanitation. Where are the free toilets? Where are the schemes the government has announced? We have got nothing.’

In Nandulan Khera, the people had converted over 90 percent of the Swachh Bharat toilets into storerooms for storing hay and other non-essential stuff. The problem with the toilets was that the government had not installed a septic tank. And for the few who built septic tanks, once it got full, no lorries could come to their village to get it emptied because of a lack of proper roads. So the people stopped using the toilets and went back to the fields for their ablutions.  

In Unnao, Pradeep went to the village of Mankhi, 17 kms away. He wanted to meet the girl, whom ex-BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar raped on June 4, 2017, to national outrage. Later, her father died in police custody. Pradeep discovered that because of the danger to their lives, the family no longer lived in the village. They had moved to Unnao. 

Back in Unnao, Pradeep met the girl’s mother, Asha Singh, a Congress candidate for the UP Assembly elections. She detailed the sequence of events that took place. Asha bemoaned the fact that men continued to rape women, especially of the lower castes, with impunity. All the publicity associated with her daughter’s case had changed nothing. The caste system remained powerfully rooted in people’s minds. 

Standing next to Asha was a young woman who looked confident and sophisticated. It was much later that Pradeep came to know she was the victim. ‘She was definitely smart; perhaps in a decade or so, she would be ready for the polls and Unnao might then have a serious contender from the fairer sex,’ said Pradeep.   

Some of the other places Pradeep visited included Chauri Chaura, Champaran, and Motihari. 

In the third section, Pradeep goes to Punjab, where he focuses on the Ghadar movement. These were expatriate Indians, mostly Punjabis, who fought to overturn British rule in India. He also visited Don Parewa (Nainital), Tamluk (Bengal), Tentuligumma (Odisha), Panchalankurichi and Idinthakarai (Tamil Nadu)

This is an eye-opening book. It is a history lesson and a picture of modern-day India. This history, told as truthfully as possible, is important especially when there is a lot of rewriting and erasure taking place these days. For example, the National Council of Educational Research and Training has removed all chapters on the history of the Mughals and of Gandhi’s opposition to Hindu nationalism. 

The book shows that while progress has been made, in many areas, things have stayed the same just as they were one hundred years ago. But the people fight on. There is a deep sense of frustration and anger at the government because of the lack of jobs for the young and for its failure to provide basic services. In the end, this book is an insightful addition to help us better understand the India of today and yesterday.

(A shorter version was published in the Sunday Magazine, The Hindustan Times)

Sunday, February 02, 2025

Hindi audio version of 'The Stolen Necklace' can be heard on Kuku FM


 



Happy to state that the Hindi audio version of 'The Stolen Necklace' titled 'Do Chehre Ek Ilzaam' can now be heard on Kuku FM.
There are 33 chapters of a few minutes each.
So far, over 14,000 people have tuned in.
Many thanks to Kuku FM radio channel, HarperCollins Publishers and Anish Chandy, Founder of the Labyrinth Literary Agency

Saturday, January 18, 2025

The Burnt House


By Shevlin Sebastian 

At 7 am, the day after the burial of his wife and two daughters, Nasir Khan stood outside his house. The tiled roof had caved in, while the walls had dark stains on them. The floor inside was a mess of ash, burnt wooden planks, sarees, and children’s clothing. There were several collapsed bricks in the middle of the dining room. An acrid smell permeated the house. He walked from room to room. Nasir saw the half-burnt bed on which he and his wife Ruksana slept.

It had taken so many years to build his dream house. Now it had taken a group of young men less than an hour to reduce the house to a shell and destroy his family. When the house caught fire, they became trapped inside. 

When he stepped out, he noticed his cycle had also been burnt. The tyres had melted into a gooey mass on the ground. 

An image came to his mind. Of his two daughters running up to him when he returned with packets of sweets. The sweet smiles and the affection in their eyes. Then Nasir blinked, as tears welled up and the image vanished. He continued to stare at the house. Other houses nearby were also in the same burnt condition. But he was told the people had left much earlier. He was not sure why Ruksana did not go away. Maybe she had been waiting for him. Or maybe she did not feel it would be dangerous.  

Nasir Khan is 60 years old. The silver-haired man is a labour contractor. He had been in Azamgarh on business the day when his life turned into darkness. Nasir knew it had all to do with the coming assembly elections. Polarisation was the best way to get the votes of the majority community. Riots acted like a vacuum cleaner, to mop up the votes. 

Some altercation had taken place outside the mosque. Soon, armed men raided their mohalla. They carried knives, country-made revolvers and cans of kerosene. Nasir’s house was near the mosque. It suffered the most damage. 

Nasir saw from the corner of his eyes that a young man was watching him. He had a beard and wore jeans and sneakers. ‘English fellow,’ thought Nasir. The youth approached Nasir. 

He bowed his head and said in a low voice, “I am sorry for your loss.” 

Nasir’s lips curled in one corner. He was not sure whether the commiseration was genuine. ‘Who is this man?’ he thought. ‘Where does he come from?’ 

“Sir, I am a journalist from Lucknow,” the man said. “I write for an English newspaper.”  

When Nasir remained silent, the man said, “I am Abbas.” 

‘A Muslim journalist,’ thought Nasir. ‘Okay.’ 

Nasir nodded. 

“Sir, what happened?” Abbas said. 

Nasir explained what had happened. Or rather, he recounted what he had heard. Abbas took down notes on a small notepad using a ballpoint pen. 

As Nasir spoke, he could feel the constriction in his heart easing up. His throat seemed to open up. He spoke a bit more easily. 

Abbas asked a steady stream of questions calmly. Nasir answered them as best as he could. For years, he held a resentment against these privileged, well-educated city boys. Many of them were cocky. Sometimes, he felt like giving them a slap when he saw them misbehave on the streets. But he knew if he did something like that, their parents, with their influential contacts, would ensure he would land up in jail. Then how would he feed his family? ‘Opt for safety,’ he thought. But now Abbas was changing his perceptions. There were good youngsters too. Well-behaved and polite. 

As Abbas paused in his questioning, Nasir said, “Why don’t we have a cup of chai?” 

“Sure, Nasir Bhai,” said Abbas. 

They walked towards the road, crossed it, walked a hundred metres and came to Ramu Yadav’s roadside shop. The one-room shack had benches placed outside. 

“Two chai,” said Nasir, as he and Abbas sat down beside each other on a bench. 

Nasir closed his eyes and rubbed his forehead with his thumb and forefinger. 

“I am so sorry about what had happened,” said Ramu. 

Nasir nodded. 

“What are you going to do now?” Abbas said in a low voice. “Will the government provide compensation?” 

“They should, if they have any humanity,” he said, feeling a surge of anger whip through him. It seemed as if his breath had stopped.  

Nasir observed Abbas sideways. The journalist had blinked, taken aback by his sudden change in tone.  

“It is going to be difficult to move on,” said Nasir, in a softer voice. “For whom should I live now?” 

There was a silence between them. 

Ramu brought two earthen cups for them. 

A tuft of smoke arose from the cups. 

They sipped the tea in silence. 

The sun arose in the sky.

In a low voice, Nasir said, “Politicians will do anything to win votes.” 

Abbas placed the cup beside him on the bench and noted the sentence in his diary.   

Some labourers drifted to the shop to have tea, bread and bananas. 

Nasir and Abbas finished their tea. They threw the cups into a bin nearby. 

Abbas pulled out his purse from his hip pocket and paid the money. 

The duo stepped out onto the road. 

Abbas took a few mobile shots of Nasir. Then he shook Nasir’s hand and said, “I will send the report through WhatsApp when it gets published.”

Nasir gave a brief smile and said, “I cannot read English, but I will ask somebody to translate for me.” 

They again shook hands. Abbas stood at the bus stop. 

Nasir began to walk away, to his sister’s house two kilometres away. He was staying there temporarily. Nasir would repair the house. And then maybe sell it and move off somewhere else. Then he wouldn’t have to be reminded all the time about what had happened. Nasir was surprised to feel a sense of relief in him. Abbas had listened without interrupting him. Thus, in a way, Nasir could unburden himself. 

But he also knew life would never be the same. Overnight, he had become the sole surviving member of his family. Nasir looked down at the road and thought, ‘Allah, why did this happen? What wrong did I do? Or my wife and daughters? Why is it that nothing seemed to happen to the people who did this? Why does the innocent suffer all the time?’ 

As he continued to walk, a visual appeared in his head. It was of the Yateem orphanage, which was a few kilometres away. Every month, Nasir would donate some money.

Once, he had gone with his wife and children to meet the youngsters. Many people had abandoned these children because of pregnancy out of wedlock. Some became orphans because of riots. Someone had killed their parents. Nasir knew many of them had psychological scars. You could see it in the sadness of their eyes and their nervous gestures, like rubbing their face or touching the ears. His family was deeply affected by what they saw. “Consider how lucky you are,” he had told his daughters, and they nodded their heads solemnly. 

Now, they are dead. And a rage and anger coursed through Nasir’s body. He knew he had to do something. Otherwise, hate would consume him. And so, Nasir decided he would become a volunteer at the orphanage. He was sure interacting with the children would enable him to fill the void in his heart. And he could have a purpose in his life. He felt the children would heal him. In turn, he could also heal them.

And hopefully, one day, way off into the future, he would forgive the killers of his family. Misguided, silly youth with no independent thought processes. Just being exploited by callous politicians. These young men could end up in jail if the authorities didn’t defend them properly in court. 

‘Yes,’ he told himself. ‘Tomorrow I will go to the orphanage and see what I can do.’     

Abbas got a window seat on the bus. His thoughts also revolved around Nasir and the ruined houses he saw. ‘Nothing makes sense,’ he thought. But Abbas was glad that thanks to his job he could see what happened first hand. 

Abbas had experienced none of the tragedies which Nasir was facing now. He belonged to an upper-middle-class family in Lucknow. His father was a successful criminal lawyer. His mother was a principal of a private college. He had studied at La Martiniere school in Lucknow and St Stephen’s College in Delhi. Abbas gravitated towards journalism because he enjoyed writing. 

Two Muslims from two different worlds met, consoled each other and went off in different directions. Probably they would never meet again. 

(Published in Muse India)

 

Tuesday, January 07, 2025

It’s all about going green


 

Former banker Ajay Gopinath runs Grow Greens, a firm that sells multigreens. Ajay says that they are the one-stop answer for all vitamins

By Shevlin Sebastian

One day, in 2006, Ajay Gopinath went to a restaurant in Bengaluru for lunch. He ordered a paneer dish. When the waiter brought it, Ajay noticed that there were leaves sprinkled on it in the shape of a triangle.

Ajay had seen curry and coriander leaves used as garnish. He knew their taste. But he noticed these leaves looked different. When Ajay tasted it, he felt it was unique. He asked the chef about it and was told that these were mustard microgreens. The chef said somebody was delivering them to the restaurant. But he did not have any more information.

Ajay headed the credit cards and personal loans division at Citi Bank in Bengaluru. He had been a staffer for 14 years. Ajay loved his work, but there was one problem. It was a 24/7 job. He found he could devote very little time to the family.

One day, in 2007, he quit. “It was an impulsive decision,” he said, at his home in Kochi. “I also wanted to get out of my comfort zone.”

He returned to Kochi, where his family lived. He has two children, a boy and a girl. His wife is a lawyer. For the next five years, Ajay enjoyed his free time. He roamed around, met friends and went on holidays. Then in 2012, he began working for a dental implants firm and helped them in marketing the products. Ajay worked till 2016.

One morning, in 2017, when he awoke, an idea popped into his mind. What about doing a business involving microgreens? He met many chefs in Kochi. They told him they were getting their supplies from Bengaluru. But it was not available in the shops or in supermarkets.

In the beginning, Ajay grew microgreens for the use of his family. The tray is 2 ft. by 1 ft. Each tray produces 500 grams. His family could not consume it all. Since it is a perishable product, Ajay began distributing it to his friends, relatives and neighbours. “The taste was different but everybody, including my family, liked it,” said Ajay. Soon, his friends said that instead of giving free samples, he should start selling them.

It was only in December, 2020 that he started his company, Grow Greens. He increased the number of trays.

Ajay’s method of growing is to use the cocopeat. This is a natural, growing medium made from coconut husks. The cocopeat is used as a base. He places the seeds on it. Then the trays are closed for three days because you need darkness for the germination to take place. Then it is exposed to 20-watt white LED tube lights hanging above the trays, for 10-12 hours. You have to pour water once or twice a day. The temperature should be below 25 degrees centigrade while the humidity is below 60 percent.

Today, he has 60 trays in an 80 sq. ft. room. Ajay grows radish, mustard, yellow American, bok choy (Chinese), sunflower, kohlrabi and many others.

Ajay imports seeds from the United Kingdom, the US, Australia, Italy and Israel. “The prices range from Rs 600 per kg to Rs 1 lakh,” said Ajay. The seeds have a shelf life of between six and eight months. But Ajay uses them within three months. He uses around 25 varieties.

To get the right seeds within India, Ajay travelled to Delhi, Ranikhet, and Nainital. He also went to G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand. There they nurture organic seeds. In these places, they do not use inorganic seeds, fertilisers or pesticides.

On the plus points of consuming microgreens, Ajay said, “It is good for the eyes and skin. There are health sites which state that it prevents Alzheimer’s disease and cancer. It restores the calcium deficiencies in the body and solves knee pain. There is an increased protein intake. Most people have low levels of sodium. This helps to reach the right levels. Microgreens have protein and magnesium. There are macro and micronutrients. What else do we need?”

Ajay tells a story.

Raghu Nair (name changed), was getting chemotherapy at the Aster Medicity Hospital in Kochi. The doctor told Raghu’s son Mahesh that his father needed to have a lot of protein. “It is better to have microgreens,” the doctor said.

So Mahesh came to Ajay Gopinath’s house. Ajay gave him sprouted green gram.

When Mahesh said the doctor told him to buy 100 grams of each variety, Ajay said that over 25 grams a day is not good. “You must be careful that your father’s body can absorb these proteins,” Ajay told Mahesh. “You can consume beetroot, bok choy and sunflower. Then it will be a complete protein food.”

Raghu consumed the greens for three months. Ajay felt vindicated that when the doctor checked the protein levels, it was off the charts. The doctor immediately told Mahesh not to buy any more microgreens for the next month. This was the only way to bring down the protein level.

“It was a confirmation of the tremendous benefits of microgreens,” said Ajay. The good news was that Raghu went into remission, so the doctors stopped his chemotherapy.

Microgreens cost between Rs 150 and Rs 250 per 100 grams. You should consume the greens within seven days. The best way is to eat it raw. Or you can add it to a salad.

However, those who are consuming blood thinning medicines should consult with a doctor before consuming microgreens. “When people are on blood thinners, their Vitamin K levels are regulated,” Ajay explained. “When you consume microgreens, it increases the Vitamin K.”

Patients can consume microgreens which have a paltry amount of Vitamin K, like beetroot.

Grow Greens deliver to individuals, shops, hotels, gyms, hospitals, supermarkets and schools. Ajay delivers 5-8 kgs a day.

And since the nurturing is inside the house, Ajay does not have to suffer the vagaries of climate change. “I can grow 365 days a year,” said Ajay.

Asked about the difference between being an entrepreneur and working for a bank, Ajay said, “The salary which I was getting I am paying its equivalent to my five-member staff.”

But for Ajay, it is not about profit and loss only. “When I started, it was a passion for me to see how the seeds were growing,” he said. “I also think that these are natural plants, and hence good for human beings. We can solve the malnutrition issue. So, there is a social commitment.”

Ajay says that when he observes the leaves, he gets a message from them. “If the water is less, or it needs more light, the leaves might droop,” he said. “And if we forget to switch off the light, the next morning the leaves will look tired. It is through experience I can spot this. It is a living organism and has emotions. When we play music, the leaves look happy.”

Ajay said that in many Malayalam movies and families over the centuries, the grandmother would talk to the Tulsi plant. To allay one’s scepticism, he suggested the book, ‘The Secret Life of Plants’ by Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird. According to Wikipedia, the authors talk about the ability of plants to communicate with other creatures, including humans.

(Published in Good Food Movement website)